要約
- Raspbrry Pi(Raspbian)のIPアドレスを固定のものにしたい
- インターネット上の情報だと、サーバ再起動で設定反映している
- 本番環境を想定するとサーバ再起動はしたくないので、サーバ再起動はしないでIPアドレスの変更をしたい
- 結局出来なかったので、サーバ再起動をして設定反映をしました :cry:
Raspbrry Pi に関して
Raspbianについて
今回の筐体および、OS情報
$ cat /etc/debian_version
9.4
$ cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch)"
NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="9"
VERSION="9 (stretch)"
ID=raspbian
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianForums"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianBugs"
実際に調査・実行していきます
- 既存のIPアドレスや、インターフェースを確認します
- 有線用のインターフェースの他に、無線LAN用のインターフェースがあるのが分かります
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
IPアドレスを固定するために設定を変更していきます
$ cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf | grep -v ^#
hostname
clientid
persistent
option rapid_commit
option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name
option classless_static_routes
option ntp_servers
option interface_mtu
require dhcp_server_identifier
slaac private
$ sudo cp -af /etc/dhcpcd.conf{,.org}
$ vim /etc/dhcpcd.conf
$ cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf | grep -v ^#
hostname
clientid
persistent
option rapid_commit
option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name
option classless_static_routes
option ntp_servers
option interface_mtu
require dhcp_server_identifier
slaac private
interface eth0
static ip_address=192.168.202.61/24
static routers=192.168.202.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.202.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
$ sudo systemctl restart networking
$ sudo systemctl status networking
sudo: unable to resolve host wp-movie: Invalid argument
● networking.service - Raise network interfaces
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/networking.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (exited) since Wed 2018-12-12 22:17:03 JST; 1 day 12h ago
Docs: man:interfaces(5)
Process: 232 ExecStart=/sbin/ifup -a --read-environment (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 224 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c if [ "$CONFIGURE_INTERFACES" != "no" ] && [ -n "$(ifquery --read-environment --list --exclude=lo
Main PID: 232 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/networking.service
Dec 12 22:17:03 wp-movie systemd[1]: Starting Raise network interfaces...
Dec 12 22:17:03 wp-movie systemd[1]: Started Raise network interfaces.
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> ネットワークの再起動では、設定反映はされていないようです :no_good:
$ sudo systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | grep dhcp
dhcpcd.service enabled
dhcpcd5.service enabled
---> 2個起動しているので個別に確認してみます
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd
● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 11:25:31 JST; 2h 33min ago
Process: 307 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 342 (dhcpcd)
CGroup: /system.slice/dhcpcd.service
├─342 /sbin/dhcpcd -q -b
└─377 wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -Dnl80211,wext
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd5
● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 11:25:31 JST; 2h 34min ago
Process: 307 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 342 (dhcpcd)
CGroup: /system.slice/dhcpcd.service
├─342 /sbin/dhcpcd -q -b
└─377 wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -Dnl80211,wext
---> 同じプロセスを見ているようです :thinking_face:
---> 以降は、 dhcpcd5
を見ていきます
$ nohup sudo systemctl restart dhcpcd5 && sudo systemctl restart dhcpcd5 &
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> IPアドレスが2個取れるようになりました :thinking_face: :thinking_face:
---> 新しく付与された(= 自分で設定した)IPアドレスでSSHログイン出来るか確認しておきます
### ※ 他の筐体からSSHログインをしています
$ ssh pi@192.168.202.61
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.202.61' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
pi@192.168.202.61's password:
Linux raspberrypi 4.14.71-v7+ #1145 SMP Fri Sep 21 15:38:35 BST 2018 armv7l
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Dec 14 13:45:12 2018 from 192.168.202.115
SSH is enabled and the default password for the 'pi' user has not been changed.
This is a security risk - please login as the 'pi' user and type 'passwd' to set a new password.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $
---> 新しいIPアドレスでもSSHログインすることが出来ました
- 試しにdhcpcd5を止めて、確認を進めていきます
$ sudo systemctl stop dhcpcd5
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd
● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2018-12-14 14:19:24 JST; 6s ago
Process: 1314 ExecStop=/sbin/dhcpcd -x (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1269 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1271 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd5
● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2018-12-14 14:13:47 JST; 1s ago
Process: 1168 ExecStop=/sbin/dhcpcd -x (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 307 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 342 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
---> dhcpcd5は止まっています
---> 一緒にdhcpcdも止まりました :cold_sweat:
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 未だにIPアドレスが2個ついています :thinking_face: :thinking_face:
ifconfig
コマンドを利用して、インターフェースの down
/ up
を行ってみます
- ネットワークが切れるため、 念のために
nohup
を使用しています
nohup sudo ifconfig eth0 down && sleep 10 && sudo ifconfig eth0 up &
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 未だにIPアドレスが2個ついています :thinking_face: :thinking_face:
- 何か状態を保持しているファイルが無いか調べているうちに、以下のディレクトリを見つけました
$ ls -la /var/lib/dhcpcd5/
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 07:17 .
drwxr-xr-x 44 root root 4096 Nov 29 2017 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Dec 14 00:53 dhcpcd-eth0.lease
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Aug 2 12:00 dhcpcd-wlan0-guest.lease
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Mar 2 2018 dhcpcd-wlan0-welcome-guest.lease
---> 怪しいのがありました(ファイルの名前は変更しています)
---> 特に dhcpcd-wlan0-hogehoge
は、無線LANで繋いだことがあるWifiのSSID名でした
- 有線LANのキャッシュらしいファイルを削除してみます
$ sudo rm -fv /var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-eth0.lease
removed '/var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-eth0.lease'
$ ls -la /var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-eth0.lease
ls: cannot access '/var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-eth0.lease': No such file or directory
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 未だにIPアドレスが2個ついています :thinking_face: :thinking_face:
$ sudo systemctl restart networking
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 未だにIPアドレスが2個ついています :thinking_face: :thinking_face:
ifconfig
コマンドを利用して、インターフェースの down
/ up
を行ってみます
- ネットワークが切れるため、 念のために
nohup
を使用しています
nohup sudo ifconfig eth0 down && sleep 10 && sudo ifconfig eth0 up &
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 効果は無いようです :cold_sweat:
---> 打つ手が無くなってきたので、諦めてサーバ再起動してみます :cry:
---> dhcpcdの自動起動の設定は無線LANのために残しておきます
サーバ再起動をして、設定反映されるか確認します
$ sudo shutdown -r now
### ※ 他の筐体からSSHログインをしています
$ ssh pi@192.168.202.61
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.202.61' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
pi@192.168.202.61's password:
Linux raspberrypi 4.14.71-v7+ #1145 SMP Fri Sep 21 15:38:35 BST 2018 armv7l
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Dec 14 13:45:12 2018 from 192.168.202.115
SSH is enabled and the default password for the 'pi' user has not been changed.
This is a security risk - please login as the 'pi' user and type 'passwd' to set a new password.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> IPアドレスは、自分が設定したもののみとなりました :relaxed:
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd
● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 14:31:24 JST; 2min 56s ago
Process: 298 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 336 (dhcpcd)
CGroup: /system.slice/dhcpcd.service
├─336 /sbin/dhcpcd -q -b
└─426 wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -Dnl80211,wext
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd5
● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 14:31:24 JST; 3min 15s ago
Process: 298 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 336 (dhcpcd)
CGroup: /system.slice/dhcpcd.service
├─336 /sbin/dhcpcd -q -b
└─426 wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -Dnl80211,wext
---> 両方共起動しています
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ls -la /var/lib/dhcpcd5/
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 14 11:18 .
drwxr-xr-x 44 root root 4096 Nov 29 2017 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Aug 2 12:00 dhcpcd-wlan0-guest.lease
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Mar 2 2018 dhcpcd-wlan0-welcome-guest.lease
---> 有線LANのものは作成されていないようです
結果
- 最終的にはサーバ再起動にて、設定反映が出来ました
- 仮に本番環境のサーバだと、簡単にサーバ再起動は出来ないので、しっかりとサーバ再起動の計画を立てましょう :thinking_face:
- そもそも本番稼働に入ってからIPアドレスを変更するような自体にならないように事前に対策をしましょう :cold_sweat: