要約
- Raspbrry Pi(Raspbian)のIPアドレスを固定のものにしたい
- インターネット上の情報だと、サーバ再起動で設定反映している
- 本番環境を想定するとサーバ再起動はしたくないので、サーバ再起動はしないでIPアドレスの変更をしたい
- 結局出来なかったので、サーバ再起動をして設定反映をしました :cry:
Raspbrry Pi に関して
- 他の記事が多数あるので詳細は割愛します
Raspbianについて
RaspbianはRaspberry Pi用に最適化した、DebianのベースのOSです
- Linuxディストリビューションの一つです
参考URL
今回の筐体および、OS情報
筐体
- Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
- Wifiがついています
- https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B01CD5VC92/
OS情報
$ cat /etc/debian_version 9.4
$ cat /etc/os-release PRETTY_NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch)" NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux" VERSION_ID="9" VERSION="9 (stretch)" ID=raspbian ID_LIKE=debian HOME_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/" SUPPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianForums" BUG_REPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianBugs"
実際に調査・実行していきます
$ ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
IPアドレスを固定するために設定を変更していきます
変更するファイル
/etc/dhcpd.conf
変更前の設定ファイルの確認
- コメントアウトは省略します
$ cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf | grep -v ^# hostname clientid persistent option rapid_commit option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name option classless_static_routes option ntp_servers option interface_mtu require dhcp_server_identifier slaac private
- バックアップファイルの作成をします
$ sudo cp -af /etc/dhcpcd.conf{,.org}
- 該当のファイルを変更し、内容を確認します
$ vim /etc/dhcpcd.conf
$ cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf | grep -v ^# hostname clientid persistent option rapid_commit option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name option classless_static_routes option ntp_servers option interface_mtu require dhcp_server_identifier slaac private interface eth0 static ip_address=192.168.202.61/24 static routers=192.168.202.1 static domain_name_servers=192.168.202.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
- ネットワークの再起動をしてみます
$ sudo systemctl restart networking
$ sudo systemctl status networking sudo: unable to resolve host wp-movie: Invalid argument ● networking.service - Raise network interfaces Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/networking.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (exited) since Wed 2018-12-12 22:17:03 JST; 1 day 12h ago Docs: man:interfaces(5) Process: 232 ExecStart=/sbin/ifup -a --read-environment (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 224 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c if [ "$CONFIGURE_INTERFACES" != "no" ] && [ -n "$(ifquery --read-environment --list --exclude=lo Main PID: 232 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CGroup: /system.slice/networking.service Dec 12 22:17:03 wp-movie systemd[1]: Starting Raise network interfaces... Dec 12 22:17:03 wp-movie systemd[1]: Started Raise network interfaces.
- IPアドレスを確認します
$ ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> ネットワークの再起動では、設定反映はされていないようです :no_good:
- 気を取り直して、DHCPのデーモンを確認します
$ sudo systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | grep dhcp dhcpcd.service enabled dhcpcd5.service enabled
---> 2個起動しているので個別に確認してみます
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd ● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 11:25:31 JST; 2h 33min ago Process: 307 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 342 (dhcpcd) CGroup: /system.slice/dhcpcd.service ├─342 /sbin/dhcpcd -q -b └─377 wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -Dnl80211,wext
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd5 ● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 11:25:31 JST; 2h 34min ago Process: 307 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 342 (dhcpcd) CGroup: /system.slice/dhcpcd.service ├─342 /sbin/dhcpcd -q -b └─377 wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -Dnl80211,wext
---> 同じプロセスを見ているようです :thinking_face:
---> 以降は、 dhcpcd5
を見ていきます
- dhcpcd5を再起動してみます
$ nohup sudo systemctl restart dhcpcd5 && sudo systemctl restart dhcpcd5 &
$ ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> IPアドレスが2個取れるようになりました :thinking_face: :thinking_face: ---> 新しく付与された(= 自分で設定した)IPアドレスでSSHログイン出来るか確認しておきます
### ※ 他の筐体からSSHログインをしています $ ssh pi@192.168.202.61 Warning: Permanently added '192.168.202.61' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. pi@192.168.202.61's password: Linux raspberrypi 4.14.71-v7+ #1145 SMP Fri Sep 21 15:38:35 BST 2018 armv7l The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Fri Dec 14 13:45:12 2018 from 192.168.202.115 SSH is enabled and the default password for the 'pi' user has not been changed. This is a security risk - please login as the 'pi' user and type 'passwd' to set a new password. pi@raspberrypi:~ $
---> 新しいIPアドレスでもSSHログインすることが出来ました
$ sudo systemctl stop dhcpcd5
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd ● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2018-12-14 14:19:24 JST; 6s ago Process: 1314 ExecStop=/sbin/dhcpcd -x (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 1269 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 1271 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd5 ● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2018-12-14 14:13:47 JST; 1s ago Process: 1168 ExecStop=/sbin/dhcpcd -x (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 307 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 342 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
---> dhcpcd5は止まっています ---> 一緒にdhcpcdも止まりました :cold_sweat:
- IPアドレスを確認します
$ ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 未だにIPアドレスが2個ついています :thinking_face: :thinking_face:
ifconfig
コマンドを利用して、インターフェースのdown
/up
を行ってみます- ネットワークが切れるため、 念のために
nohup
を使用しています
- ネットワークが切れるため、 念のために
nohup sudo ifconfig eth0 down && sleep 10 && sudo ifconfig eth0 up &
- IPアドレスを確認します
$ ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 未だにIPアドレスが2個ついています :thinking_face: :thinking_face:
- 何か状態を保持しているファイルが無いか調べているうちに、以下のディレクトリを見つけました
$ ls -la /var/lib/dhcpcd5/ total 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 07:17 . drwxr-xr-x 44 root root 4096 Nov 29 2017 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Dec 14 00:53 dhcpcd-eth0.lease -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Aug 2 12:00 dhcpcd-wlan0-guest.lease -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Mar 2 2018 dhcpcd-wlan0-welcome-guest.lease
---> 怪しいのがありました(ファイルの名前は変更しています)
---> 特に dhcpcd-wlan0-hogehoge
は、無線LANで繋いだことがあるWifiのSSID名でした
- 有線LANのキャッシュらしいファイルを削除してみます
$ sudo rm -fv /var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-eth0.lease removed '/var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-eth0.lease' $ ls -la /var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-eth0.lease ls: cannot access '/var/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd-eth0.lease': No such file or directory
- IPアドレスを確認します
$ ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 未だにIPアドレスが2個ついています :thinking_face: :thinking_face:
- この状態で、ネットワークの再起動をしてみます
$ sudo systemctl restart networking
- IPアドレスを確認します
$ ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 未だにIPアドレスが2個ついています :thinking_face: :thinking_face:
ifconfig
コマンドを利用して、インターフェースのdown
/up
を行ってみます- ネットワークが切れるため、 念のために
nohup
を使用しています
- ネットワークが切れるため、 念のために
nohup sudo ifconfig eth0 down && sleep 10 && sudo ifconfig eth0 up &
- IPアドレスを確認します
$ ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.202.103/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global secondary eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> 効果は無いようです :cold_sweat: ---> 打つ手が無くなってきたので、諦めてサーバ再起動してみます :cry: ---> dhcpcdの自動起動の設定は無線LANのために残しておきます
サーバ再起動をして、設定反映されるか確認します
- サーバ再起動コマンド
$ sudo shutdown -r now
### ※ 他の筐体からSSHログインをしています $ ssh pi@192.168.202.61 Warning: Permanently added '192.168.202.61' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. pi@192.168.202.61's password: Linux raspberrypi 4.14.71-v7+ #1145 SMP Fri Sep 21 15:38:35 BST 2018 armv7l The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Fri Dec 14 13:45:12 2018 from 192.168.202.115 SSH is enabled and the default password for the 'pi' user has not been changed. This is a security risk - please login as the 'pi' user and type 'passwd' to set a new password. pi@raspberrypi:~ $
- IPアドレスを確認します
$ ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:ae:13:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.202.61/24 brd 192.168.202.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::f38f:644a:db9e:9327/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether b8:27:eb:fb:46:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
---> IPアドレスは、自分が設定したもののみとなりました :relaxed:
- dhcpcdの確認をします
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd ● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 14:31:24 JST; 2min 56s ago Process: 298 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 336 (dhcpcd) CGroup: /system.slice/dhcpcd.service ├─336 /sbin/dhcpcd -q -b └─426 wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -Dnl80211,wext
$ sudo systemctl status dhcpcd5 ● dhcpcd.service - dhcpcd on all interfaces Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dhcpcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-12-14 14:31:24 JST; 3min 15s ago Process: 298 ExecStart=/usr/lib/dhcpcd5/dhcpcd -q -b (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 336 (dhcpcd) CGroup: /system.slice/dhcpcd.service ├─336 /sbin/dhcpcd -q -b └─426 wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -Dnl80211,wext
---> 両方共起動しています
- キャッシュらしきファイルを確認します
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ls -la /var/lib/dhcpcd5/ total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 14 11:18 . drwxr-xr-x 44 root root 4096 Nov 29 2017 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Aug 2 12:00 dhcpcd-wlan0-guest.lease -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Mar 2 2018 dhcpcd-wlan0-welcome-guest.lease
---> 有線LANのものは作成されていないようです
結果
- 最終的にはサーバ再起動にて、設定反映が出来ました
- 仮に本番環境のサーバだと、簡単にサーバ再起動は出来ないので、しっかりとサーバ再起動の計画を立てましょう :thinking_face:
- そもそも本番稼働に入ってからIPアドレスを変更するような自体にならないように事前に対策をしましょう :cold_sweat: